Does television hinder children’s language development?

Studies report a link between TV and language development in babies. The more time babies spend watching television, the more slowly they learn to talk. Some people conclude that the effects of television on children are direct and negative. According to this view, television is noxious, Watching TV makes you dumb. TV is linked with slower language acquisition because TV time tends to displace conversation time between babies and adults. Television is merely a medium for transmitting information. Surely it is the information that counts. Indeed, experiments have shown that kids who watch age-appropriate educational programs improvements in their abilities to recall information. What does seem likely is that babies have a relatively difficult time learning to talk by watching and listening to TV programs. To learn to speak, babies benefit from social interaction. Researchers discovered that social talk—one-on-one, back-and-forth conversation between adults and their children—was linked with better language development. The more time babies and toddlers were included in adult conversations, the more quickly their language skills improved. By contrast, listening to adult monologues—including storytelling was only weakly correlated with language development. The effect of two-way conversations was almost 6 times greater than the effect of merely listening to adults talk. the effect of television on children was neither positive nor negative. We should be concerned about the effects of television on children who are learning to talk. But the research on language acquisition doesn’t mean that television is the direct cause of learning delays. Instead, the more useful message is that babies benefit from genuine, back-and-forth conversations. Perhaps parents should worry a bit less about TV time and more about time spent in meaningful conversation with their kids.

Research has found that too much time spent in front of the television is hindering children’s speech. The survey conducted by the Communication Trust, also found that more than half (51 per cent) of those questioned think youngsters can suffer from speech problems if their parents do not talk to them enough. There has always been speculation amongst both parents and professionals about the effect that television can have on a child, but it is also important to realise its benefits. There is some research to suggest that quality TV programmes can have a beneficial effect on literacy activities, comprehension and recall in three and four-year-old.

Interactive programmes that encourage singing, signing, clapping and dancing can promote language development and imaginative play. Programmes that have themes of repetitive content can make it easier for children to learn new words. Studies show that toddlers who watch their favourite alphabet characters fare better in their knowledge of letter sounds when they go to pre-school than children who have no screen time. Children also benefit from snuggling up and watching television with an adult. The physical contact is good for them and parents can talk about the programme that they have watched together. High quality educational programmes can provide a window on the world for toddlers and help them to make sense of it. Some programmes can also inspire parents to play with their child. short periods in front of a television can help babies to focus on pictures, lights and colours a short distance away. Nevertheless, watching the screen for an hour or more may affect depth perception and long-range vision. Television programmes that have slow editing speeds, continuous narrative and a single gentle voice are much better for the under-twos than fast-paced programmes with lots of zooms, cuts and multiple voices.

In an ideal world, babies and toddlers would be happily entertained with activities other than television. However, it does play a big role in today's hectic society and preventing the under-twos from watching it may be an unrealistic goal for most parents. The key is to provide good quality age-appropriate programmes as part of a balanced schedule and to limit viewing to 10 minutes for babies and 20 minutes for toddlers at any one time. Television should not displace important activities such as outdoor play, social interaction, talk, physical exercise and going to the park. If used responsibly, the risks of harm are very low.